What is Endoscopic Spine Surgery?
Endoscopic spine surgery is the most advanced minimally invasive spinal technique, using a small-diameter working channel endoscope (6–8mm) that is introduced to the spine through a tiny skin nick. The surgeon views the operating field on a high-definition monitor via the endoscope's camera, performing the discectomy or decompression through the same instrument.
Unlike traditional or even conventional MIS surgery, endoscopic procedures often do not require general anaesthesia — they can be performed under conscious sedation or local anaesthesia, making them suitable for patients who are high surgical risks.
Key Advantages
Types of Endoscopic Spine Procedures
- Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy (TELD) — Approach through the foramen; avoids opening the spinal canal; excellent for lateral and foraminal disc herniations
- Interlaminar Endoscopic Discectomy (IELD) — Approach through the interlaminar space; best for central and paracentral herniations at L4-5 and L5-S1
- Endoscopic Laminotomy / Decompression (UBED) — Unilateral biportal endoscopic decompression for spinal stenosis — excellent visual clarity with two small portals
- Cervical Endoscopic Discectomy — For cervical disc herniation without the need for fusion
Who is a Candidate?
- Lumbar disc herniation causing sciatica not responding to 6 weeks of conservative treatment
- Foraminal stenosis (nerve root compression at the exit foramen)
- Recurrent disc herniation after previous microdiscectomy
- Cervical disc herniation (soft disc)
- High surgical risk patients (elderly, diabetes, cardiac disease) who need surgery
Recovery Timeline
Day 0 — Procedure Day
Procedure completed in 45–90 minutes. Patient walks within 2 hours. Discharged same day.
Week 1–2
Mild soreness at port site. Walking encouraged. Light daily activities permitted.
Week 3–6
Return to desk/light work. Physiotherapy commenced. Avoid heavy lifting.
3 Months
Full recovery. Return to all activities including sport.